Please read the attached documents. A 1500-3000 word research paper with 2-5 references per topic within the paper. TOPIC: How Adversary mission command stays ahead of US Information Operations and decides, manages, coordinates, and takes advantage of emergent opportunities.

Respond to the following three short essay questions as part of the final exam. (Note: These are three unique questions and should be answered separately with their own reference list.
1. What are four published official resources (strategies, International Codes, etc) available to the port FSO in assessing domestic and international risks associated with terrorism and other criminal activity threats posed to port maritime operations? Provide critical analysis of each…strengths, weaknesses areas that need further development, areas where emphasis needs to be placed. (To be clear do not pick published articles. The focus here is on official documents).
2. What is the role of MTSA 2002 required Area Maritime Security Committee or AMSC? Why is this organization critical to the secure operation of a port? Be specific. Are there areas within the security regime that committee members can work more closely?
3. Define and give examples of maritime Cyber terrorism. How does it threaten port security operations now and in the future? Be specific.
Technical Requirements
-Your paper must be at a minimum of 6-9 pages, or 2-3 pages per question (the Title and Reference pages do not count towards the minimum limit).
-Scholarly and credible references should be used. A good rule of thumb is at least 2 scholarly sources per page of content.
-Type in Times New Roman, 12 point and double space.
-Students will follow the current APA Style as the sole citation and reference style used in written work submitted as part of coursework.
-Points will be deducted for the use of Wikipedia or encyclopedic type sources. It is highly advised to utilize books, peer-reviewed journals, articles, archived documents, etc.
All submissions will be graded using the assignment rubric.

You are an intelligence analyst for the Department of Homeland Security assigned to the Office of Intelligence and Analysis (DHS-OIA). You are currently working in the Special Events Unit and are responsible for producing an intelligence assessment outlining potential threats to the upcoming United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) meeting that is to take place in New York City 2 months from now. As a result of the collection plan you recently developed, you have just received the following source reporting from a HUMINT source. This source has reported information in the past and is deemed reliable. The source had direct access to the reported information by virtue of his normal daily activities: Source recently met with an individual by the name of Adnan Last Name Unknown, an Albanian national and suspected member of AKA, residing in New Jersey. According to Source, Adnan explained a scheme by which he traffics MDMA (ecstasy) tablets acquired in Elbasan, Albania into the United States. Adnan traveled to Elbasan, Albania four times last year. Adnan has been able to acquire ecstasy tablets at a wholesale price of $1 per tablet. Adnan purchased $10,000 worth of ecstasy tablets per trip. Adnan then purchased 25 bags of coffee beans packaged in foil wrappers. The coffee bean packages were opened, and the ecstasy tablets were comingled, 400 tablets per bag, with the coffee beans, and the foil wrappers are then resealed. The coffee bags are placed in his luggage. Adnan stated that he has had no problem smuggling the ecstasy into the United States using this method, and he stated that his associates, also Albanian nationals, have successfully smuggled ecstasy tablets into the United States for Adnan using this same method approximately three to four times per year. Adnan has a connection in New York, NY who buys the ecstasy tablets for $5 per tablet. Source reported that several AKA members in the New York area were planning to conduct an operation during an upcoming major event that is scheduled to take place sometime in the next couple of months. Source was not clear what event they were referring to but stated that it was something “the whole world” would be watching. Source stated that the operation would include the use of suicide bombers disguised as guests of the event. Source also stated that other AKA operatives would be positioned near the venue to set off some sort of chemical device within the subway system for those trying to evacuate the scene. Source stated that an identified U.S. citizen named Randolph King recently established a group he referred to as AKA-NY as a local branch of the terrorist group AKA. King has been in contact with alleged AKA member Alek Alothman, who lives in New Jersey, and other unidentified AKA affiliates throughout the United States, including AKA commander Zameer Rayani. King hopes to obtain the names and contact information of other group members. King plans on promoting his new group through a Web site and hopes to also sell T-shirts and hats with the group’s logo on them to raise money. Source stated that AKA has become more aggressive in its campaign against the government of Albania. AKA has gone beyond its efforts of attacking government assets within Albanian borders, and it is looking to target the Albanian government on a larger scale. According to the source, AKA is looking to embarrass the Albanian government and to make it look weak in front of the world. Source stated that AKA members from Albania are being sponsored by a New York–based company called Al-Akzam World for those individuals to obtain H1-B visas to enter the United States. Once the AKA members receive sponsorship, they can apply for the H1-B visa, which will allow them to enter the United States for a period of up to 1 year. Although they are supposed to be coming to work for this company, most of the members do not. According to the source, these members only use the company to get into the United States and then go their separate ways. In fact, most overstay the terms of their visa and never leave. Discuss the HUMINT source reporting with your group, and identify the key pieces of raw intelligence from the scenario above that may potentially satisfy the intelligence requirements listed below: What individuals or groups are planning terrorist acts directed at the UNGA meeting in New York? What individuals, groups, or delegations attending the UNGA meeting in New York are being targeted by domestic or international terrorists? What groups or individuals associated with criminal or terrorist activities are active in the New York area of operations? Which foreign intelligence service will attempt to use the UNGA meeting in New York as an intelligence collection opportunity? Which delegations attending the UNGA meeting in New York are being targeted by foreign intelligence services?

-What do you believe homeland security really is, or should be about? Do you believe homeland security does, or should, focus exclusively on the threat of terrorism, or should it be genuinely “all-hazards,” including other man-made or natural disasters?
-What similarities or differences do you perceive in the way Presidents, Bush, Obama and Trump approached the issue of defining homeland security?
-Do you have any sense as yet regarding how President Biden is approaching it?

Background:
When we attempt to define terrorism, it can be a very difficult task depending on a person’s viewpoint or position in a given society. The meaning of terrorism changes within social and historical contexts. The term terrorism is a social construct–groups construct a frame work around a concept, providing a definition through the meanings they attribute to the construct. The social context surrounding the term terrorism influences how it is defined – the historical, political, and criminological circumstances at a given point in time affect the way in which terrorism is defined. The definition can even become more complex in war zones when the media and politicians combine elements of al Qaeda and Taliban into one organization.
While there is no international standard definition for terrorism; however, the consensus definition involves that someone is terrorized and meaning of the term is derived from the terrorists’ targets and victims. Terrorism is a pejorative term, meaning that the term is laden with derogatory meanings and misunderstood. If we look at U.S. State Department view of Hezbollah, the State Department has designated Hezbollah as a terrorist group whereas Jordan views Hezbollah as a legitimate militia.
Early history of terrorism shows that terrorism was used to maintain power or to overthrow those in power. Sicarii Zealots, a Jewish group, is an example of an early terrorist organization that was active during the Roman occupation of Middle East in the first century. Their name came from the short dagger which they used to commit their murders, mostly against other Jews who were deemed traitors. The assassins were named Sicari (dagger men) by Romans.
The modern understanding of terrorism originated from the French Revolution from 1789-1799. The term used to describe the repressive actions of the French government against the masses. The meaning of terrorism soon transformed to refer to guerilla tactics in the Napoleonic wars. In guerrilla war, guerrillas use terrorist tactics against their enemies, and may terrorize enemies and their supporters into submission.
This provides us with a baseline of the understanding of terrorism and historical context from which it came. It is an evolving concept which probably continue to change in the future dependent of political and social perception.
Question:
With the support of at least one of the links below, as you examine the terrorism paradigm there are both domestic, international, and transnational elements, seeking to do harm to the United States and its citizenry. Identify which terroristic element who believe to be the most dangerous to the United States and why? There are no wrong answers per se and consider this an opportunity to use critical thinking to address a very important homeland security issue.
Links to Use:

Is “One Man’s Terrorist Another Man’s Freedom Fighter”?

https://www.chds.us/ed/items/20374
https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0920_plcy_strategic-framework-countering-terrorism-targeted-violence.pdf
Required:
Your posts must be based on factual academic information (not personal opinion) supported with citations to at least two (2) academic references in addition to the course materials.
Please use the correct APA format in citing any source material you use.

Primary Task Response: Within the Discussion Board area, research and develop within 400–600 words an overview of Cyber and CBRN threats to the U.S. Be sure to include the following: Briefly discuss the main categories of CBRN threats and how they differ. Summarize the main aspects of the WMD Prevention and Preparedness Act of 2010. Discuss in detail the one method of CBRN attack that you feel poses the most serious threat to the U.S. and why you feel this is a threat. Support your assertions with your research. Briefly discuss the risks posed to the private sector and to government from cyber threats. Briefly discuss measures that can be implemented to protect systems from hacking, malware, or theft. Your response should include references to the assigned documents. Please be substantive and clear and use examples to support your ideas. http://class.coloradotech.edu/CbFileShareCommon/ctu/HLS340/Assignment_Assets/Cyber_Threats_to_National_Security.pdf http://class.coloradotech.edu/CbFileShareCommon/ctu/HLS340/Assignment_Assets/HR_5498_The_WMD_Prevention_and_Preparedness_Act_of_2010.pdf http://class.coloradotech.edu/CbFileShareCommon/ctu/HLS340/Assignment_Assets/Where_are_the_Countermeasures.pdf

For your final assignment, assume you are the emergency manager (EM) for the state, county, or city (Honolulu) in which you live. Building upon the analysis you have done throughout this course you are already in the process of preparing an emergency plan for your community. In this paper, you will prepare an emergency plan for your community that addresses the following: Summarize specific disaster conditions or actual hazard responses (such as a hurricane, tornado, earthquake, flood, chemical spill, or wildfire) that are likely in your community. Develop an assessment of your level of preparedness to handle the disaster conditions or actual hazard responses. Develop an assessment for the likelihood of future circumstances that could impact your community, Topics to consider: Climate change Population changes Technology changes Critical infrastructure Explain recommended actions and changes that would limit the impact of the hazard with mitigation and resilience techniques. Your recommendations should address: Planning considerations Equipment shortfalls First responders State and local government Business community Local populations Next, assume a major disaster occurred or is threatening your community and address the following: Describe how you will respond with regard to communications and coordination with other agencies. Describe how you will respond with regard to mobilization of resources and personnel. Describe how you will respond with regard to potential evacuations. Describe how you will respond with regard to emergency shelters. Describe how you will respond with regard to issues with water, power, and health facilities. Describe how you will respond with regard to communication with the public. Complete your paper by including the following: Develop an assessment of needed recovery efforts, as well as mitigation, and adaptations that may limit future damages, as well as improve response for future disasters. The Final Paper Must be eight to 10 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the UAGC Writing Center’s APA Style (Links to an external site.) resource. Must include a separate title page with the following: Title of paper Student’s name Course name and number Instructor’s name Date submitted

The fundamental key to a successful response in any situation is effective and timely decision-making. The ability to make appropriate decisions in a timely fashion often determines when an emergency does or does not become a disaster. Disasters often are the result of an emergency situation where there was either no advance planning or inadequate planning, or the implementation of the plan was incomplete or untimely. Yet, even the best plan is not effective if it is not implemented correctly. First responders provide direct assistance regardless of the nature of the event. They respond to acts of nature such as fire, flood, mudslides, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes, and hurricanes. They respond to events that may not be criminal in nature or may be a violation of safety or administrative law, such as construction accidents, train derailments, or building explosions due to gas leaks. They also are first on the scene in criminal events including mass shootings, bombings, and poisonings. First responders are there regardless of the motive of the situation. From acts of nature to no criminal intent, to criminal intent and to terrorist intent, first responders answer the call and provide assistance. Having an emergency plan is only one component of effective emergency management. That plan must be well developed and widely distributed to all the organizations and individuals who have a role in the plan’s implementation. The plan must be exercised in some form and reviewed at least annually to allow for updates in content, distribution, and response. In this assignment, you will outline the steps to successful response to and implementation of a comprehensive emergency response plan. Identify a specific type of hazard that is prevalent in your area, or use the one you identified for your discussion. Review the response protocols for three specific entities in the community. Examples include; law enforcement, fire protection, public works, the multifaith community, hospital, gas/electric supplier, etc. Analyze the response requirement of your selected entities as compared to their “normal” duties and responses within the community. Explain the similarities and differences between the response requirements of the agencies selected. Illustrate how these groups may provide hazard mitigation, and demonstrate adaptation and resilience techniques to reduce hazard vulnerabilities. Explain how these response requirements to emergency situations may or may not be different if the emergency situation involves terrorism.

Good morning Ma’am or Sir,
I have attached a document that contains the instructions for reviewing the article. Please read the document to so that the review contain all of the necessary information for the assignment. The document contains the citation so that you can find the article to review. Thank you for your help and assistance.

Background:
Much has changed to the mission and scope of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) since its creation in 2002. It was originally created to address the issues related to terrorism; however, has evolved into a larger, monolithic entity addressing a myriad of domestic and international related to homeland security, national preparedness, cybersecurity, pandemics, and the list goes on. Like any good organization, when factors change in the equation to address problems they are facing, the organization must adjust as well to be successful in protecting the United States.
Question:
Examine in detail, the Department of Homeland Security Mission website (https://www.dhs.gov/mission) which provides six overarching homeland security missions that make up their strategic plan. Of the six missions articulated in the reading, which DHS mission to you believe to be the most important to protect America and the citizenry and why? There are no wrong answers and consider this an opportunity to use critical thinking to address a very important homeland security issue.
Required:
Your posts must be based on factual academic information (not personal opinion) supported with citations to at least two (2) academic references in addition to the course materials.
Please use the correct APA format in citing any source material you use.